Overuse or repetitive motion: Activities that involve frequent overhead movements (e.g., sports, manual labor).
Injury or trauma: A direct blow to the shoulder can cause inflammation.
Age-related changes: Degeneration of tendons and the formation of bone spurs can lead to increased friction and irritation.
Underlying conditions: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, gout, or infection can also cause bursitis.
Normal anatomy: The shape of the acromion bone differs from person to person and may be flat, curved, or hooked, which may predispose the shoulder to impingement.
Pain: Often located on the top or outer aspect of the shoulder, especially when lifting the arm.
Tenderness: Sensitivity to touch over the affected area.
Swelling: Mild swelling due to inflammation.
Limited range of motion: Discomfort or stiffness when trying to move the shoulder, especially in certain directions (like reaching overhead).
Weakness: In severe cases, weakness can occur due to pain.
Physical examination: Assessing pain, tenderness, and range of motion.
Imaging: X-rays can rule out other causes like bone spurs, while ultrasound or MRI can visualize inflamed bursae or associated tendon problems.
Aspiration: In rare cases, fluid may be withdrawn from the bursa to check for infection.
Rest: Avoiding activities that aggravate symptoms.
Ice: Applying ice packs can help reduce inflammation.
Anti-inflammatory medications: NSAIDs like ibuprofen can alleviate pain and swelling.
Physical therapy: Stretching and strengthening exercises can improve shoulder mechanics.
Steroid injections: Corticosteroid injections can significantly reduce inflammation and pain.
Surgical intervention: Rarely needed but may involve removing the inflamed bursa if conservative treatments fail.
Proper posture: Maintaining good posture during activities.
Warm-up: Performing proper warm-up and stretching before exercise.
Strength training: Keeping shoulder muscles strong can prevent overuse injuries.
Avoid repetitive stress: Take breaks during activities involving overhead movements.
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